ABSTRACT
This paper compares the occupational structure of cities in Brazil and United States aiming to evaluate the extent to which the economic structure of these urban agglomerations is associated with the different stages of development, specifically when comparing a rich country with a developing one. Using a harmonized occupational database and microdata from the Brazilian 2010 Demographic Census and the U.S. American Community Survey (2008-2012), results show that Brazilian cities have a stronger connection between population size, both with occupational structure and human capital distribution, than the one found for cities in the United States. These findings suggest a stronger primacy of large cities in Brazil's urban network and a more unequal distribution of economic activity across cities when compared to USA, indicating a strong correlation between development and occupational structure.
Este artigo compara a estrutura ocupacional das cidades do Brasil e dos Estados Unidos, visando avaliar a extensão em que a estrutura econômica dessas aglomerações urbanas se associa aos diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento, especificamente quando se compara um país rico com um em desenvolvimento. Utilizando um banco de dados ocupacionais harmonizado e microdados do Censo Demográfico Brasileiro de 2010 e do US American Community Survey (2008-2012), os resultados mostram que as cidades brasileiras têm uma conexão mais forte do tamanho da população com a estrutura ocupacional e a distribuição de capital humano do que a observada em cidades nos Estados Unidos. Estes resultados sugerem uma primazia mais forte das grandes cidades na rede urbana do Brasil e uma distribuição mais desigual da atividade econômica entre as cidades quando comparadas aos EUA, indicando uma alta correlação entre desenvolvimento e estrutura ocupacional.
Este documento compara la estructura ocupacional de ciudades de Brasil y Estados Unidos de Norteamérica con el objetivo de evaluar la extensión a la cual la estructura económica de estas aglomeraciones urbanas se asocia en las diferentes etapas de desarrollo, específicamente cuando se compara un país rico con un país en desarrollo. Utilizando una base de datos ocupacional armonizada y microdatos del censo demográfico brasileño de 2010 y de la Encuesta de la Comunidad Estadounidense (2008-2012), los resultados muestran una conexión más fuerte en las ciudades brasileñas entre el tamaño de la población y la estructura ocupacional y la distribución del capital humano que la encontrada para ciudades de los Estados Unidos. Estos hallazgos sugieren una mayor primacía de las grandes ciudades en la red urbana de Brasil y una distribución más desigual de la actividad económica entre las ciudades en comparación con las de Estados Unidos, lo que indica una fuerte correlación entre el desarrollo y la estructura ocupacional.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Developed Countries , Urban Area , Developing Countries , Economics , United States , Urban Population , Brazil , Population Density , Agglomeration, Urban , Principal Component Analysis , Educational Status , EmploymentABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To study the spatial distribution characteristics of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in China. METHODS:According to public data of listed company,social network analysis method was used to analyze the data of listed companies in China's pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in respect of network density analysis(including overall network density and individual network density),network centrality analysis,cohesion analysis,core-edge analysis. The discussion and suggestion was put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:As of Sept. 30th,2015,there were 168 listed companies of national A share listed pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. Analysis of social network analysis software showed that the density of spatial city association network in China's pharmaceutical manufacturing industry was 0.021 0,and the network was also much dispersed, among which Beijing,Tianjin and Shanghai had the largest individual network. In network centrality analysis,the point outdegree of the whole network was 1.604% and the point indegree was 1.761%. The point outdegree and point indegree of Beijing were all in the forefront. The betweenness centrality of Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin and Shenzhen was in high level relatively,and the eigenvector centrality of Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Kunming,Shenzhen and Guangzhou was in high level relatively. Results of cohesion analysis were more comprehensive,the cities in the network could be divided into 8 subgroups. The whole network showed a more obvious core-edge feature. So,the coordinated development of China's pharmaceutical manufacturing industry can be promoted by paying attention to play radiation driving role of industrial center city,promoting coordinated development of regional industry and forming industrial agglomeration network.
ABSTRACT
@#Objective To introduce a community-based rehabilitation(CBR) network model in Shijiazhuang,Hebei province.Methods The work model in Qiaodong district in Shijiazhuang city was evaluated according to the national CBR standard and analyzed.Results Their work has met the national standard,the score of management section was the highest among all areas.Conclusion The work was featured by government dominate,strong management network and technical support.It implied the social model of CBR.